Copper, as an essential trace element , plays an important role in many physiological processes, such as iron metabolism, red blood cell formation, and energy synthesis. Its effect on thyroid function has been the subject of research in recent years, as copper is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones.

The role of copper in thyroid function

• Copper acts as a co-factor in enzymes such as tyrosinase and cytochrome c oxidase, which are essential for the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

• It participates in oxidation-reduction processes that are necessary for the function of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), an enzyme that iodizes thyroglobulin.

• Copper is essential for the function of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme that protects thyroid cells from oxidative stress that can occur during hormone production. This is especially important because the thyroid gland is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage.

• Copper interacts with selenium and zinc, which are also key to thyroid function. An imbalance between these trace elements can disrupt hormonal balance.

Copper deficiency and hypothyroidism

• Copper deficiency has been linked to hypothyroidism, as copper deficiency can impair thyroid hormone synthesis and antioxidant defenses, leading to oxidative stress and potential thyroid damage.

• Symptoms of hypothyroidism due to copper deficiency may include fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold.

Excessive copper intake and hyperthyroidism

Excessive copper levels can contribute to thyroid dysfunction, especially hyperthyroidism, by increasing oxidative stress and disrupting the balance of thyroid hormones. Excess copper can also affect zinc metabolism, further exacerbating thyroid problems.

Natural sources: liver, shellfish, nuts (cashews, almonds), seeds (sunflower seeds, sesame seeds), whole grains and dark chocolate.